Depending on the severity of TBI, there may be a need for a wide range of medical supplies for the patient’s home. Some equipment may be needed for a short time until the patient regains function. In severe TBI, equipment may be needed on a permanent basis.

The following is a guide to some types of equipment that can be used in the home to allow the patient to have as much independence as possible.

Wheelchairs

Some patients with severe TBI may require a wheelchair. Wheelchairs may be manual or electric. Manual chairs are suitable for patients who are able to propel them, or for those who may not be able to safely use a power chair. For long-term use, an electric chair may be a worthwhile investment. Regardless of whether a manual or electric chair is used, they should be fitted properly for the patient to avoid skin breakdown or pressure sores from developing. Power chairs are more expensive, and cost may be a deciding factor when purchasing a chair. Chairs should be adjustable so that if the patient’s weight changes the chair can be adjusted.

Standing Frames

 These frames are for the purpose of lifting the patient to a standing position safely and preventing falls. They may be used to strengthen muscle tone, increase bone mass, and to aid in toileting.

Walkers

 A walker helps to support the patient and increases balancing ability for patients whose gait is unsteady.

Hospital Beds

There may be a need for a hospital bed once the patient returns home if the patient remains bedridden. Beds may be manual or electric. Electric beds are easier for caregivers to use and also can adjust to different positions for patient comfort. Some beds can be maneuvered into a chair position. Beds should have full rails for safety. There should be no gaps between the mattress and the rails as patients can become lodged in this space. 

Feeding Pump

If the patient will require enteral feeding after returning home, a feeding pump may be needed. Feeding pumps will allow the patient to be fed a specified amount of liquid nutrition every hour and reduce the caregiver’s feeding responsibilities. Patients may be fed throughout the night while they are asleep. The head of the bed should be raised if the patient is being fed while in bed to prevent aspiration, or the regurgitation of stomach contents into the lungs. 

Vital Signs Monitoring Equipment

Some patients may need their vital signs monitored frequently, such as blood pressure or temperature. Equipment may be used at home to monitor the patient’s status. Most require little training to use and can be invaluable in preventing complications from occurring.

Suction Equipment

The ability to suction the patient’s mouth may be a necessity for patients who have difficulty swallowing secretions following TBI. Suction may also be needed for patients who are relearning to eat and drink in case of choking.

Ramps

A wheelchair ramp will be needed if a patient is confined to a wheelchair. Ramps must meet certain specifications and should be built with the patient’s weight as a guide. Ramps should be skid-proof.

Door Widening

Patients confined to a wheelchair will need to be able to move from room to room within the home, or their caregivers will need to move them freely about the house. Doors may need to be modified to meet this requirement.

Ceiling Lifts

These lifts run on a track system mounted in the ceiling in the home. Ceiling lifts are designed for patients who require mechanical transfer from bed to chair or toilet. These lifts can prevent injuries to caregivers.

Roll-in Showers

A roll-in shower may be used to shower patients who are unable to stand.

Grab Bars

Grab bars may be placed in showers, tubs, by toilets, or other places where patients may need this support to transfer safely.

Feeding aids

There are many assistive devices available for patients who may have difficulty feeding themselves. These aids promote independence in the patient.

Memory Aids

White boards, daily planners, alarm reminders, and computer devices can be used to help patients with TBI plan and keep track of their schedules, treatments, appointments, and medications.

Grooming and Dressing Aids

These aids can be used to promote independence in grooming and dressing among patients who have suffered TBI.